The Institute For Pak Afghan Relations Politics Essay

The Institute For Pak Afghan Relations Politics Essay Pakistans interaction with Afghanistan has been influenced and fashioned by the historical legacy of pre-1947 Afghan-British Indian relations. This legacy laid the basis for the development of an acrimonious bilateral relationship between the two states after 1947, which was complicated by the Cold War power politics. The nineteenth century geo-strategic rivalry between the Great Britain and Tsarist Russia (the so-called Great Game) on the Afghan chessboard created an environment of mistrust and suspicion against foreign powers in the eyes of the Afghans. The relations were further aggravated by the three Anglo-Afghan wars (1838-1842; 1879-1880; 1919-1920). The unsettled borders in the northwest of British India, where the writ of the British government was not fully enforceable, gave Afghanistan an opportunity to create security problems in the days of British Raj and more so after their departure from the subcontinent. Pakistan, therefore, inherited an unfriendly neighbor on its we stern border, making it difficult to formulate a policy of having friendly ties with Afghanistan. Its security threat perception as being sandwiched between a hostile India in the east and an irredentist Afghanistan in the west compelled Pakistan to seek a friendly regime in Kabul. Afghanistans territorial claims on the Pashtu-speaking areas of Pakistan coupled with the pro-Indian posture of its ruling elites further reinforced Pakistans strategic belief that a hostile Afghanistan ill served Pakistans security needs. The logical corollary of this threat perception was that, regardless of its costs and difficulties, Pakistan had to pursue a sub-imperial engagements in Afghanistan to secure a client regime, which would not only give it a strategic depth against India but would also help stabilize its volatile western border. The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan forced Pakistan to wage, with the support of western and Arab allies, a proxy war in Afghanistan and ultimately forced Soviets to withdraw from Afghanistan. Since the end of the Cold War, Pakistan continued its forward policy in Afghanistan mainly through the support of the Hizb-i-Islami of Gulbadin Hikmatyar and, later, through the Taliban. Following the events of Sep.11, 2001 the political landscape of South Asia transformed dramatically. The September 11 incident provided Pakistan with an opportunity to reconsider its Afghan policy and regain its lost status in the international community. Pakistan took a U-turn in its Afghan policy and became a front line state in the US war against terrorism and helped topple its erstwhile Taliban allies from power. Though this course of action helped Pakistan get out of regional as well as international isolation, its long involvement with the Afghan groups locked in internal struggle for power has left it with fewer friends and more enemies in Afghanistan, particularly among the literate urban middle class and non-Pashtuns. Its relations with Afghanistan continue to be bedeviled with skepticism and fear, even as both countries are cautiously revitalizing bilateral relations. Though the historical, geographical, cultural, religious, ethnic, security and economic affinities and interdependence between Pakistan and Afghanistan are bound to play their role in strengthening the relations between the two countries, there are certain stumbling blocs in Pak-Afghan relations like Pak-Afghan border issue, the Pashtunistan issue, Afghanistans skepticism on Pakistans resolve to fight war on terrorism; and Pakistans strong reservations over Indian anti-Pakistan activities from Afghanistan. For improving the relations both Pakistan and Afghanistan need to allay their mutual misperceptions and distrust. The ongoing blame game by the two countries led an Afghan expert to write, Owing to increasing Taliban insurgency in Afghanistan, one cannot hope for any improvement in the security situation in the war-ravaged country. The embattled Afghan government is expected to become even more critical of Pakistan in future on account of the increase in Taliban attacks. Pakistan is likely to reply in the same currency, and there are already signs that its tone in denying accusations of support for Taliban is becoming aggressive. The fireworks will continue, and it would be futile to expect any major improvement in their uneasy political and diplomatic ties in the near future. It is in this context that we felt the need to establish a research organization that will identify examine and analyze the factors that continues to adversely affect relations between the countries that have so many overlapping layers of common history, culture, religion, geography and security. We believe that if both the countries were able to allay their mutual misperceptions, distrust, and suspicions the relations between the two are bound to improve. The relationship between Afghanistan and Pakistan are symbiotic in nature. When Afghanistan pains, Pakistan bleeds and vice versa. Both are destined to sink or sail together and now time has come for them to think conjointly to find ways and means for putting an end to recurring power vacuums in this region, which frequently sucks in external state actors. About IPAR IPAR provides the analysis, training and tools that prevent and end regional conflicts, promotes stability and professionalizes the field of regional peace building. It is essential that the Pakistan Afghanistan, adopt a regional approach to find out solution to their existing problems and play an active part in preventing, managing, and resolving regional conflicts to achieve a lasting peace and stability on both sides of the Durand line. Mission Statement The Institute of Pak-Afghan Relations is an independent, nonpartisan, non-governmental, progressive think tank working for comprehensive cooperation between Afghanistan and Pakistan, which would provide a solid basis for multi-disciplinary cooperation. The IPAR emphasizes the vital importance of brotherly relations in pursuance of policies of mutual respect, non-interference and peaceful coexistence and recommends further expansion of economic, social, and cultural relations between the two countries. Its goals are to help: Prevent and resolve regional conflicts Promote post-conflict stability and development Increase conflict management capacity, tools, and intellectual capital by empowering others with knowledge, skills, and resources. Aims and Objectives Emphasizing the deep historic, religious, spiritual, cultural and commercial bonds among Afghanistan and Pakistan, IPAR focuses especially on the treatment of terrorism, extremism and militancy, bilateral cooperation in political and economic fields, and regional and international issues of common concern. The institute will work for the following objectives: Improving bilateral relation between Pakistan and Afghanistan culminating into a perennial strategic partnership carried forth to coming generations; Supporting programs that foster independent research, enabling our scholars to produce articles, reports, and books and hold roundtables that analyze Pak afghan foreign policy issues and to make concrete policy recommendations; Sponsoring Independent Task Forces to produce reports with both findings and policy prescriptions on the most important foreign policy issues; and Providing up-to-date information and analysis on Pak-Afghan relations; Programs and Activities In order to achieve the above goals, the Institute undertakes a unique combination of activities, including the following: Performing cutting edge research, to produce  publications  for practitioners, policymakers, and academia. Building mutual trust and confidence by Parliamentary exchanges complement political-level interaction and promoting people-to-people contacts including the exchange visits of journalists, poets, writers, musicians and artistes. Educating students  about conflict, organizing study tours, and increasing the peace building capabilities of future leaders. Supporting policymakers  by providing analyses, policy options, and advice, as well as by sponsoring a wide range of region-oriented working groups. Expertise The Institute draws on a variety of resources in fulfilling its mandate, including Institute staff, grantees, fellows, and a broad set of governmental and non-governmental partners: Institute Specialists: The Institute employs specialists with both geographic and subject-matter expertise. These experts are leaders in their fields. They come from the government, military, NGOs, academia, and the private sector. Partners/Grantees: The Institute works with an extensive network of partners, including non-profits, academic institutions, government agencies, international organizations, and the military. Publication IPAR approach is grounded in field of research. Our surveys and policy analyses are informed by the work of a team of researchers, reporters and political analysts located in different areas of Pak-Afghan region. Based on information and assessments from the field, the institute produces analytical reports, weekly updates and policy briefings containing practical recommendations targeted at key national and international decision-makers. We also publish survey-based reports, research journal and books, providing in-depth analysis of various issues.

Irish culture communicated by riverdance Essay

How Riverdance communicates stories about the Irish culture. Riverdance began as a succinct intermission piece when Ireland was the host of the Eurovision Song Contest. The Riverdance modernized the insight with regards to Irish dances. They deviated from the old straight-laced and rule-bound contest plans or format and turned it to a more contemporary and dramatic form of dance (Brennan, 1999). Of which, I have selected â€Å"Ceili† dancing, an Irish folk dance and â€Å"Mark Moris† dance. Ceili dancing is one of the two kinds of dances in Ireland where it is usually composed of a large number of dancers which is basically easy to pick up. Ceili dancing is one of the Irish folk dances, which is considered a social dance. Ceili dances generally require pairs and are danced where the couples are arranged into formations or sets (O’Keeffe, 1934). Frequently, squares of four couples, but many other formations are found, such as a ceili dance carried out with as few as three and as many as sixteen people. The quantity of couples in the ceili dance is unlimited and they are often in a long line. At times, they may proceed around in a circle. Though ceili dances have easy to pick-up steps, it is a fast paced dance, most of the time if not all, which makes it challenging (O’Keeffe, 1934). Irish social dances, like the ceili dances, are a living tradition. Though sometimes, variations may rise and the dances are modified thus choreographing a new kind of dance. â€Å"Mark Moris† dance. â€Å"Mark Moris† dance is named after Mark Moris, the soul of modern dancing that has been to a great extent valued and cherished all round the world where American modern dance is infused. Innovative steps of the â€Å"Mark Moris† dance cater to the younger generation by adding fresh improvements to the usual traditional dance. Museums, art galleries and old pagan customs are still eminent in Ireland. Ireland also offers a wide range of cultural events ranging from arts festivals to farming events, especially during the summer months. Ceili dancing is bounded to the traditional Irish culture. Though Ireland has a rich culture, ceili dancing for me would start to depreciate if it does not create ways to cater the new generation of Ireland youth or tourists. â€Å"Mark Moris† dance achieved a status that is highly appreciated and respected by the world due to its innovations, or the so-called modern dance. Riverdance is an example of an innovation in Ireland that helped in launching Irish culture to the world. The Riverdance is actually a theatrical show with traditional Irish step dancing, where most stepdancers also perform using ceili dances, exemplified by fixed arms and stationary body with fast and quick leg actions or movements. Riverdance continued its shows even outside Ireland. Moreover, Riverdance is able to create a bridge between the gap of the new generation and the old Ireland traditions and culture. With contemporary steps and improved formations without sacrificing the traditional Irish folk dances, it attracts the new audience creating a certain curiosity or inquisitiveness. After getting their attention, it then tells tales of the Ireland traditions and its rich culture, beliefs, stories and other aspects of Ireland customs through infused drama on its dances. It communicates to both the old and new youths of Ireland and to the tourists. Riverdance does not only communicate stories about the Irish culture within the boundaries of Ireland, but also to the world. References: 1997. April 27, 2007. . Brennan, Helen. â€Å"The Story of Irish Dancing. † Mount Eagle Publications Ltd. , 1999. O’Keeffe, J. G. , and Art O’Brien. â€Å"A Handbook of Irish Dances. † Gill and Son Ltd. , 1934.

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Mental Health And Its Effects On Individual s Stress...

Many people in society experience some form of mental health issue in various aspects of their life at some point or another. In social settings or at home, a person can feel stressed, anxious, or even have issues with their self-esteem. In fact, â€Å"One in five American’s experienced some form of mental health issue in 2014† (Mental Health, n.d., p. 1). There are many ways to reduce stress and anxiety, as well as increase self-esteem in one’s life. For the purpose of this study, exercise is used as a form of physical activity. Engaging in physical activity is one contributor to better someone’s mental health. With that being said, the overall reason for this study is to review and describe how different variables affect individual’s stress level, anxiety level, and self-esteem level. A program that is new to Southeastern Oklahoma State University called â€Å"Commit to Get Fit† is a challenge that was announced by the University President. This is a challenge to help individuals become aware of their well-being as well as live healthier lives. This is a program where individuals form teams and compete against others in the possibility of winning a prize and achieving a healthier body weight. Individuals are asked to walk 40,000 steps a week and exercise 30 minutes a day for 5 days a week. In this case, we are evaluating those who are participating in the â€Å"Commit to Get Fit† challenge and those who are not and their mental health factors including stress, anxiety, andShow MoreRelatedPsychological Effects Of Exercise On The Body s Overall Health1736 Words   |  7 PagesPsychological Effects of Exercise It is a well-kenned fact that exercise is very propitious to the body’s overall health. Exercise has been shown to enhance the circulation of blood throughout the body, relinquish solicitousness, boost self-esteem, and ultimately is utilized as a treatment for noetic illnesses. This paper perpetuates to expand fortifying major health benefits of conventional physical activity and exercise. However, there is withal a growing body of erudition that substantiatesRead MoreMental And Physical Health Of College Students1469 Words   |  6 Pages Literature Review: Mental and Physical Health of College Students Jackie Brocious Misericordia University Literature Review: Mental and Physical Health of College Students This paper is focused on the sub-topic of mental and physical health of college students, either within healthcare-related fields or general graduate programs. This sub-topic is a branch of our group’s research purpose of identifying the occupational therapy (OT) student’s perception and confidence with an OT programRead MoreThe Effects Of Stress On Nursing Students Academic Performance And Health1250 Words   |  5 Pagesto the stress related to being a nursing student (Karadag et al., 2008). 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Many causes contribute to mental health problems, containing: Life experiencesRead MoreThe Effects Of Physical Activities On The Human Body1572 Words   |  7 Pagesthreatened by several health issues that are creating problems making changes how people lives. Mostly the population suffers from health problems aggravated from unhealthy lifestyle and not doing enough physical activity. Among many health problems, the major ones that we face every day are cardiovascular diseases, obesity, mental issues, and diabetes etc. The physical activity has numerous number of benefits for the human body, and the psychological state of an individual. Physical activities areRead MoreEffects Of Burnout On Nursing : The Consequences Of Burnout1028 Words   |  5 Pages2007). A study done by Bogaert et al 2014 showed that higher levels of burnout were associated with unfavorable job outcomes, patient and family grievances, and family verbal abuse. It also showed that nurses who were burnout reported higher frequency of patient falls, nosocomial infections, and medication errors, p.1124. It has been shown that patients cared for by staff that has reported high levels of burnout tend to report lower levels of satisfaction with the care received in tertiary hospitalRead MoreExercise Is Any Bodily Activity That Enhances Our Physical Fitness And Physical Health1445 Words   |  6 Pagesenhances our physical fitness and mental and physical health. Exercise can be used for various purposes such as strengthening muscles and the cardiovascular system, sharpening athletic skills, weight loss, and enjoyment. A person can lower his/her obesity level significantly and become more physically fit by just exercising for 30-45 minutes 3-5 days a week. Physical activity improves mental health, helps prevent depression, and helps to promote or maintain positive self-esteem. After hours of research,